← Benchmarks
◆ BENCHMARK · TX RELAY
QUIC transaction relay, the first 1-hour run
2,202 transactions sent through the co-located QUIC relay (Yellowstone TPU, Frankfurt). First-seen (deshred) and processed timing matched by signature.
◆ HEADLINE
Observation rate
96.32%
2,121 of 2,202 landed-evidence
Submit → first-seen
104 ms
p50 · deshred, the landing metric
p99 first-seen
838 ms
tail shown, not hidden
Gateway ACK
0.01 ms
p50 · health, not landing
How to read this. ACK latency is gateway health, not landing latency. Landing evidence uses deshred and processed observations matched by signature - so the number that matters is submit → first-seen, not the gateway ACK.
◆ LATENCY DISTRIBUTION
The whole curve, p50 to max.
| Percentile | Client ACK | Route ACK | Submit → first-seen | Submit → processed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p50 | 0.31 ms | 0.01 ms | 104 ms | 106 ms |
| p75 | 0.37 ms | 0.01 ms | 199 ms | 200 ms |
| p90 | 0.48 ms | 0.02 ms | 375 ms | 375 ms |
| p95 | 0.58 ms | 0.02 ms | 511 ms | 511 ms |
| p99 | 0.79 ms | 0.03 ms | 838 ms | 839 ms |
| max | 1.6 ms | 0.11 ms | 45.4 s | 45.4 s |
◆ BREAKDOWN
Where it landed fast.
By leader region
| Region | Sent | Observed | Rate | p50 | p90 | p99 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | 1,311 | 1,260 | 96.1% | 70.2 ms | 260 ms | 1022 ms |
| Asia Pacific | 271 | 248 | 91.5% | 265 ms | 650 ms | 788 ms |
| US East | 194 | 191 | 98.5% | 159 ms | 360 ms | 782 ms |
| US Central | 140 | 138 | 98.6% | 111 ms | 178 ms | 413 ms |
| US West | 46 | 46 | 100.0% | 167 ms | 443 ms | 467 ms |
| Unknown | 240 | 238 | 99.2% | 109 ms | 199 ms | 614 ms |
By validator client
| Client | Sent | Observed | Rate | p50 | p90 | p99 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bam | 748 | 726 | 97.1% | 90.0 ms | 467 ms | 730 ms |
| harmonic | 495 | 447 | 90.3% | 109 ms | 497 ms | 9984 ms |
| jito | 475 | 468 | 98.5% | 71.1 ms | 337 ms | 614 ms |
| rakurai | 203 | 203 | 100.0% | 117 ms | 349 ms | 780 ms |
| frankendancer | 165 | 164 | 99.4% | 158 ms | 336 ms | 396 ms |
| firedancer | 67 | 67 | 100.0% | 41.0 ms | 103 ms | 120 ms |
| agave | 47 | 46 | 97.9% | 162 ms | 262 ms | 369 ms |
◆ NOTES
The honest footnotes.
- Initial run - a single 1-hour window on mainnet, published raw and unedited. Continuous, multi-route benchmarks follow.
- Fastest leaders sat where the physics is best: Frankfurt validators landed at 20-48 ms p50, with Amsterdam and Stockholm close behind.
- Tail latency is real and shown, not hidden: p99 deshred is 838 ms and the worst single transaction reached about 45 seconds.
// raw report: https://rpc-edge.github.io/solana-tx-bench/reports/legacy/quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z/